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4th Axis Fixtures
4th Axis Positioning Fixtures
4th-axis positioning fixtures are specialized fixtures designed for four-axis CNC machine tools (X, Y, and Z translational axes + one rotational axis, typically the A or C axis). Their core function is to securely clamp the workpiece and precisely rotate it around the rotational axis, enabling continuous machining of multiple surfaces and angles while preventing interference with the machine tool's tool and spindle, ensuring machining accuracy and efficiency.
Key Features
- Precise Rotational Coordination: The fixture is rigidly connected to the machine tool's rotational axis (A/C axis), achieving a rotational accuracy typically reaching 0.001°-0.005°. This ensures stable workpiece position during rotation around the axis, meeting the dimensional consistency requirements of multi-faceted machining.
- Strong Clamping Stability: Utilizing mechanical clamping (such as bolt locking and chuck clamping), hydraulic/pneumatic actuation, and high-strength materials (45# steel and hardened alloy structural steel), the fixture prevents workpiece vibration and displacement during high-speed cutting or rotation.
- Simplified Multi-Surface Machining: Eliminating the need for multiple workpiece clamping, the fixture rotates the workpiece, enabling simultaneous machining of side, bevel, and arc surfaces, reducing clamping errors and improving production efficiency.
- Highly Adaptable: Specialized structures are designed for workpieces of varying shapes (shafts, disks, and special-shaped parts). Some fixtures support modular adjustments, enabling quick switching between machining types and adapting to small- to medium-volume, multi-variety production.
Common Types
1. Indexing Plate Clamps: Available in manual and electric indexing plates, these use precise indexing (e.g., per degree/per minute) to position the workpiece at a fixed angle around the axis of rotation. They are suitable for parts requiring precise angular machining (e.g., gears and polyhedrons).
2. Chuck Clamps: These include three-jaw self-centering chucks and four-jaw single-action chucks. Three-jaw chucks are suitable for automatically centering round, symmetrical workpieces (e.g., shafts and sleeves), while four-jaw chucks accommodate irregular or eccentric workpieces through individually adjustable jaw positions.
3. Centering fixtures: Consisting of a front center (fixed) and a rear center (movable), they rotate the workpiece in conjunction with a dial. They are primarily used for machining long workpieces (such as drive shafts and lead screws), preventing deformation due to excessive length.
4. Specialized fixtures: These integrated fixtures are designed for specific workpieces (such as automotive parts and appliance components). They incorporate locating pins, clamping blocks, and other features to enable rapid positioning and clamping of the workpiece, making them suitable for mass production.
Applications
These fixtures are widely used in applications requiring multi-faceted and multi-angle machining, such as automotive manufacturing (axles, wheel hubs, engine mounts), general machinery (gears, couplings, valve components), hardware (complex hardware, tool accessories), and medical devices (small precision parts).
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